Time Designs

VOL.INO1 $3.00
nov. - dec.

THE COMPUTER THAT WAS
JUST too good to die 1/1!
Bi
aa

Mo i abe
“MNSIDE: NEWS AND VIEW SWORKSHOPS AND PROGRAMS

: NOV.— DEC.

1984

Editor/Publisher:Tim Woods
Assistant Editor:Stephanie Woods
Photography:Thomas Judd

Special Assistance:Tom Lundgren,M. Marsh
The contents of Time Designs Magazine
are provided by various contributing
Editors,

Time Designs Magazine is published
bi-monthly and is copyrighted @ 1984
by Time Designs Magazine Company.

Subscriptions:$15 for one year. (six
jissues) Single issue price is $5.
Postage is included and paid by Time
Designs Magazine for each issue. Direct
all subscription correspondence to

Time Designs Magazine, 29722 Hult Rd.,
Colton, OR, 97017.

Reproduction of this magazine in whole
or in part, by electronic, mechanical,
or other means, without permission is
prohibited,

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CONTENTS .

Editorial:"Timex/Sinclair Lives!"., 5

Bits and Pieces

The Rise and Fali of the Timex .

Computer Corporation Part One:
"What Happened?".......cc cc ce cee ae 6
The Rise and Fall of the Timex
Computer Corporation Part Two:

"On the Drawing Board”

The TS 20608 Software Directory.....

Project Number One:"A Portable TS
Computer?”.......... Fc asa ze
15
Program Listings. 5 a7
Computer Basics: "Languages". .., 19
Pro Shop:"How To Make Music On
The TS 2068 Part One"............0. 20
The Shopping Mart...... “

TS computer family.
"The Rise and Fall"

The
Read
starting on page 6

EDITORIAL

TIMEX/SINCLAIR LIVES!!!

Welcome to the premier issue of
Time Designs Magazine. it has been
over six months now since the depart-
ure of Timex Corporation from the
home computer market, and several
good things have come out of the or-
deal. First of all, there is a real
feeling of unity among the TS users
and user groups. They have banded
together and are distributing infor-
mation, and are supporting one an-
other, Second, Sinclair Research is
Still with us, and their computer
line is still going strong. As a re-
sult of this, we in the U.S.A. may
benefit directly from software and
add-ons, that may soon become com-
patible and available for our own
TS computers. Sinclair has also just
introduced their new "Quantum Leap”
computer, and will be one piece of
equipment to watch. Also many of our
friends are still around such as
thomas B. Woods of the 2X Pro/ File
fame. Companies like Byte Back Co.
and Softsyne,Inc. are still going
strong.

So the good news is Timex/Sin-
clair Computers still live! This
magazine is dedicated to that ideal.
AS our policy says, we are devoted
co the TS 2068 and other Timex and
Sinclair computers. We do however,
have a heavy emphasis on the 2068.
This is because in a way it was short
changed as far as published infor-
mation goes, and it was primarily in
it's infancy, when Timex decided te
abandon it. But we won't forget the
old stand bys either; the 2X81, the
TS 1000 and 1500. We will feature
them also, from time to time.

Gur goal here at Time Designs
is two-fold. First, we want to keep
the interest of the newer Tinex/
Sinclair user, by providing interest-
ing and informative articles that
teach, but won't confuse. For them
we will contain a good deal of

features on BASIC. Then on the othe:
hand, we want to offer our long-tim
users a useful magazine with specia:
features such as equipment reviews,
construction projects, and articles
ranging in subjects from machine cot
to mass storage devices.

We have a lot of neat plans fo:
our future issues and we hope that
you will take advantage of our sub-
scription offer in the back of our
Magazine. I would also like to point
out the software and article offer
that is in our Shopping Mart sectio:
This is a great opportunity for any
potential authors who would Like to
have their features published in ou:
magazine.

If there is ever any questions
comments, or helpful suggestion that
you would like to make about our
magazine, please feel free to drop
me a line. We would appreciate any
response from our readers. In our
second issue we will have a feature
called "The Mail Box" where we will
publish selected correspondence fron
our readers.

We here at Time Designs Magazin
are excited to serve you in this
capacity and look forward to a long
and friendly relationship. We are
proud of our magazine and we hope
that you are pleased also. And re-
member.,...Timex/Sinclair lives!

Fim (oda.

Tim Woods
Editor/Publisher

p.s. We would like to compile a com-
plete directory of any Timex/Sinclai
user groups in the U.S. and Canada.
If you have such a group or know of
one, please send the name and cor-
réct address of the group to Tine De-
Signs Magazine,

BULS al PAGES

2050 MODEM IS HERE

The Westridge TS 2050 Tele-
comunications Modem is at last really
here, It is exactly the same modem
that Timex promised and teok orders
for, but never came through on. It
is manufactured and sold by Westridge
communications, a division of Anchor
Automation in Marina Del Ray, Calif-
ornia. Westridge has set up several
authorized dealers around the U.S.
to merchandise the nodems. For the
purchase price of $120 you get the
modem, ribbon connector with a piggy-
back connector, power supply, 28 page
manual, and cassette software for
either the TS 1000/1500, or 2068 com-
puters, The unit is quite smail and
matches the 2068 in color. It is a
direct connect modem, and comes with
an extra long telephone connect cord.
The TS 2050 is fairly easy to use and
has some rather nice features like
auto-dial from the keyboard, and user
friendly menu driven software. You
can also set the modem up to auto-
answer calls from other users who want
to leave messages on your monitor
sereen. Westridge also plans to re-
lease some other software in the fu-
ture, which would allow up-loading
and down-loading of programs and text,
and also memory storage/recall of
frequently dialed phone numbers. In
some of the TS 2050 units being cur-
rently shipped, there is a limited
offer for a free membership in the
data base "The Source”. If you would
like to get the phone number of a
local dealer in your area who carries
the Westride TS 2050 Modem, cali
(213) 306-4203 or write to Westridge
Communications, Inc., Marina Del Ray,
Ca., 90292.

GOCD NEWS (FOR TS 2068 OWNERS)

It appears that the software
famine for TS 2068 computer owners
may soon be over. A device called the
Spectrum Emulator has been introduced
here in the U.S. It will allow soft-
ware produced for the English Sin-
clair Spectrum to run on the 2068.
The heart of the Emulator is the
Spectrum ROM chip. Hobbyists for
some time now have been opening up
their computers and internally re-
placing the 2068 ROM chip with the
Spectrum chip. This however could be
quite risky for the novice, and would
most certainly void any warranties.
The Spectrum Emulator however, is
reported to be a plug-in configur-
ation, using the Timex Command Cart-
ridge port instead.

The Emulator idea is not nec-
essarily a new one, Timex had devel-
oped a device for production called
the "Chameleon" which was capable of
making the Spectrum software trans-
lation.

Timex users will be able to
choose from the vast liabrary of
software titles available for the
Spectrum. This will most certainly
bring the English software suppliers
here to the United States, One com-
pany, Quicksilva has decided to re-
lease several new titles with the
advent of the Spectrum Emulator

As we went to press, it was re-
ported that there are two suppliers

here in the U.S. that carry two
different models of the Spectrun
Emulator for the TS 2068. It was
also reported that several outlets
are stocking a variety of Spectrum
software titles. We will be re~
porting further information on the
subject in our next issue.

>

IT REALLY IS A “QUANTUM LEAP"!!!

Sinclair Research has done it
again! Their new personal computer
with 128k RAM, two micro-drives, and
four software packages, sells for
the almost unheard of price of $499.
It will be available here in the U.S.
sometime this fall, and will be sold
by mail and at a few retail outlets.
The QL has a real full size type-
writer keyboard, five function keys,
and four seperate cursor keys. It
also features 85 characters/line on
the screen, RGB monitor output with
high resolution graphics, two R232c
ports, and six additional micro-drive
units may be connected to the ex-
pansion port. Unlike many personal
computers, the QL is based on the
Motorola 68008 32-bit microprocessor
with an eight bit data bus. Trad~-
itional Sinclair engineering provides
for a sophisticated design with a
reduced number of internal parts. The
micro-drive cassette packages include
a word processor, a spreadsheet, a
data base/file manager, and a graphics
design program. When compared feature
to feature with anything else in the
same category, the Sinclair QL has
everything beat, with over twice the
power, and a host of features. This
really is one computer to be reckoned
with.

NOTE: We here at Time Designs are
excited about the release of the

new Sinclair QL. We will be cover-
ing it in our pages on a more or
less frequent basis. Look for future
articles on business applications
and in depth programming. We want

to welcome the QL to the family of
quality and afordable Sinclair de-
signed personal computers.

FACTORY SERVICE STILL AVAILABLE

"Factory service will continue
more or less indefinitely...at this
time, there are no immediate plans
to discontinue this service," re-
ported a Timex spokesperson.

Timex has promised to honor all
warranties and service contracts at
the companies service center in Litt]
Rock, Arkansas. Repairs of computers
not under warranty will also be han-
dled at the center for a nominal fee
A full compliment of parts and elec-
tronics are kept in inventory by
Timex. If you need information on
repairs, warranty matters, or just
technical advice, contact Timex by
writing to 7000 Murray St., P.O. Box
2858, Little Rock, Ark., 72203, or
by calling (501) 372-1111.

2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL RELEASED

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play mods

Manual"
a Simpl

many

hobby bubld, to ce
RGB theiy

iss ar ewan

ponents.
developing
of the i of

1

net much to the
user, but an advanced t |
find it an invaluable resource. Tou UPCOMING
een order the manual by mail for $25 Lube
which includes postage and handlin TELECG MEIN ECATEONS SPECIAL
from Timex Material Sales, P.O. Be. ,
1378, Little Rock, Ax., 72283. Allow
at least six weeks for delivery.
Taswerd (1 Ware a
kght Imetructert 4 the
Simelater Carte
un Emulator |
" features and i
* TTEN PP '
"Pius much more! |
ee anerenneee i

PART

WHAT

I don't know exactly what came
to your mind when you heard the news,
but as for myself, I experienced the
five classic reactions to a death.
First denial, then anger, and so on.
It crept suddenly up on us all like
a trap catches 2 mouse. We should
have seen it coming. We should have
only known. Quick phone calls to oth-
ers only confirned that I was joined
by many others who were just as sup-
vised.

Several large Timex retail ven~-
dors mysteriously vanished into thin
air overnite and were never heard
from again, The ball kept on rolling.
By the end of the month only a hand-
ful of the previous vast majority of
third party companies planned to stay
on; the others only hoping to elin-
inate their large inventories. Ali
of the major gloss magazines finally
split for good. Watching the TS 2068
personal computer sell for under $100
was also a little hard te swallow.

Perhaps the entire situation

ald have been forseen by someone
«with sharp intuition and a feel for
high flying finances in the electron-
ics trade. Some of the details that
finally came out of the disbanding of
Timex Computer Corporation were quite
possibly hinted at earlier, from time
to time. But we were unaware of what
was going on.

. The story goes back to some
years ago when Timex Corporation was
manufacturing Sinclair computers to
their specifications for the Europ-~
Gan market, in a Timex owned factory
in Scotland. Out of this partnership,
most certainly brought the 2X81 to
the American retailers in the form of
the TS 1000. Sinclair Research of
Engiand, founded by Clive Sinclair,
was responsible for the engineering
and design of the computer, and
Timex made and distributed it. The

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE
TIMEX COMPUTER CORPORATION

1

HAPPENED ?

original ZX however, had been avail-
able in the United States for some
months previously. It was sold by
mail in a kit package.

The TS 1000 with it's black and
white video display, flat membrane
keyboard and 2K RAM, was the first
computer in the U.S. to sell fer un-
der $100. It was to be found in al-
most every discount house and drug-
store, or aS one might say, wherever
a Timex watch would be sold. Support
and user groups were quickly formed
and the modest little computer even-
tually became a hit. Within two
years, over a million were sold

Meanwhile, something was hap-
pening in the marketplace. Amidst a
mirad of Apple, Atari and Commodore
computers, Texas Instruments announ-
ced that they were dropping their
personal cemputer line {i.e. the TI
994/A). It was 1983, and a wild orgy
of price reductions throughout the
home computer industry was respon-
sible, Originally sold for $750, the
TI 994/A was finally discounted and
cleared for a mere $50. Many analysts
had predicted that there would be 6
personal computer in every home by
1984. As the time approached, it was
evident that this speculation would
net come true, at least for the
time being.

Several other companies saw
heavy price reductions and as a re-
sult there were large profit losses.
Not only were there price changes,
but also a shift in consumer interest
It appeared that the more affordable
Or beginner models were losing
ground to the more sophisticated
and feature-packed computers. The
once popular video cartridge game
machines were siowly fading away,
while games were still thriving and
being played on home computers that
provided high resolution graphics

"Fy

and up to 48K memory.

Since profit is the name of the
game in any commercial venture,
watching the TS 1000 seli for less
than §50 by Christmas’of 1983, left
some large questions to be answered
Where would it all end? One thing
was certain. The little TS 1000 had
begun to loose it's popularity and
was on it’s way out. There were
however, those who would refuse to
support anything but their Timex
computer, and would not agree to the
eriticism that it was simply a toy.

Timex Computer Corporation had
made some what of a success with the
TS 1000, but had been hinting for
some time about a new line of com-
puters with more advanced features.
Other companies were busy upgrading
their lines and developing some
sophisticated models. Even Sinclair
Research back in England had re-
leased a color computer called the
Spectrum, which was available with
increased RAM capacity. Just as the
TS 1000 was an offspring of the 2X
81, The Timex 2068 was based on the
Sinclair Spectrum.

Originally entitled the 2000
series, and was planned as two sep-
erate models (the 2048 and 2072),
Timex released only a single model,
the 2068, It was produced and dist-
tributed several months before the
original projected date, in order
for Timex to relieve some of the
pressure they were receiving from
dealers and consumers who demanded
something new. Production of the TS
1000 finally ceased for good, and
all attention was given to the 2068.
It was a physically larger model
high resolution color graphics,
sound capabilities, 48K RAM, and a
real keyboard.

For unknown reasons, another
computer model was also briefly
marketed. The TS 1500, which was ts
some degree, an updated TS 1000. It
had onboard 16K RAM, and a push-
putton keyboard for the retail price
of $80. One can only conclude that

the TS 1500 was produced as either
a beginners model or te fill the
gep for users who still utilized
the black and white software,

' So with the new TS 2068 and
all of the planned add-ons and ex-
tras, it appeared that Timex Corp.
was back on the right track again.
From time to time, there would be
some criticism as to the manner in
which a Timex customer would sofe-
times be left out in the coid after
the purchase. It was said that Timex
was simply out to sell computers in
the same manner as their watches,
and to make a quick profit. If a
customer needed some further help
or assistance, there was littie
that could be obtained. There was
the toll-free telephone number, but
getting adequate information from
it was quite difficult, if not im-
possible. The so called third-party
vendors of after-market Timex prod-
ucts also spoke of the frustrating
"closed-door" policy they received
from Timex. However, with the re-
lease of the TS 2068, it appeared
that this situation was slowly im-
proving and mending.

It was management that had
been blamed for the heavy emphasis
on marketing rather than customer
follow up and support. This was
for the most part speculation, but
when word came that Dan Ross, dir-
ector of the computer division at
Timex, had been relieved of his
duties, it was evident that there
was a sincere effort in progress
to clean the slate.

Then on February 22, 1964,
Timex Computer Corp. announced that
it was calling it quits. C.N. Jacobi;
vice-president of marketing and :
sales gave the official statement.
“We belicve instability in the
(nome computer) market will cause
the value of inventories to decline,
making it difficult to make a reas-
onable profit. Further, we are con-
cerned that those conditions will
strain trade relations between
manufacturers and retailers, a

relationship which Timex values very
highly. These factors, coupled with
strong demand in our other product
lines, have indicated that Timex can
now better utilize it's resources
in those areas." Jacobi also stated
that, "consequently Timex has de-
cided to withdraw from the retail

portion of the home computer business.

Consumer warranties will be honored
and out-of-warranty service will con-
tinue. The company will continue as

a manufacturer and parts supplier

to several large companies in the
computer industry.” Another spokes-
person for Timex added, "while we
oselieve that our 1500 and 2068 com-
puter systems represent fine value
for both the consumer and the re-
tailer, our overall analysis of the
business led us to the conclusion
that 1984 would be another year of
turmoil in the market-place......
making it difficult to make a reason-~
able profit."

Some of the more ovt-spoken
Timex user groups were outraged over
the decision, primarily because it
was based on the assumption that
there would be little profit made in
1984, Timex has perhaps always been
a@ conservative company, and taking
any sort of risk was always out of
the question. Selling cheap but re-
liable watches for thirty years cer-
tainly doesn't take a lot of nezve,
when considering a wristwatch is a
popular and necessary commodity.
When the home computer market ap-
peared to be a blossoming business
venture a few years ago, Timex
jumped at the chance, but when the
water became a little rough, they
abandoned the ship. Most likely the
decision to withdraw was a mistake,
and somewhat premature. The records
have now shown that 1984 became a
stabilizing year for the computer
industry. Instead of price cuts,
there were a few price raises on
some models.

Consider that nearly 500,000
TS 2068 computers were sold before

the announcement was made. Also, take
into consideration the exciting per-
ipherals that were to be released
jike the micro-drive, and think of
the 400 third-party companies that
were thriving. Add the 200 or more
Timex user groups in North America,
and the numerous magazined devoted
primarily to TS computers. if you
were to add all of the positive pros-
pects of the business, they certainly
would outweigh the dismal forecasts
of the analyists. It all leads to

the fact that Timex Computer Corp.
made a bad decision.

Sinclair Research is still mov-
ing full steam ahead with a new con-
puter called the “Quantum Leap".

It is somewhat ironic for Timex to
quit, when the company that was ins-
trumental in designing the very con-
puters that they sold, are doing
very well. They make up about 48%
of the computer market in England.
Sinclair decided not to take over
marketing the Timex computers here
in the U.$., but would continue to
release their new products here in-
Stead.

It appeared that the aarketing
rights for the TS computer line were
up for negotiation, As of this write
ing, no significant deal has been
struck. As much time has passed
since Timex made the announcement,
the possibility of such a deal is
not very likely to happen. Rumors
will continue to abound. There was
even one story circulating, that a@
small corporation was buying the
TS computer rights, and were going
to market them all over the U.S.
in small franchise-type computer
stores, complete with thousands of
software titles and lots of add-ons.
We won't hold our breath.

One interesting and final note
about the fall of Timex Computer
Corp. is that to my knowledge, not
one person has given up using their
TS computer, or placed it on sone

(continued on pageil)

- ee en a i

PART

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE
TIMEX COMPUTER CORPORATION

2

ON THE DRAWING BOARD

Throughout the month of January
and even inte the early part of Feb~
ruary, before the bad news had hit,
the preduct planning department at
Timex was bustling. Led by director
Billy Skyrme, a long time company
employee, this division was creating
a bit of excitement among TS user
groups and in the computer press
Speculation and rumor ran high as to
what hardware would soon accompany
the newly released 2068 personal
color computer. Timex Corporation
was vague and secretive as usual
over much of the situation, although
a few sneak previews and demos were
set up with some equipment proete-
types for a select few. Several of
the larger TS vendors even featured
catalogs complete with prices and
projected release dates of the much
anticipated peripherals.

After the crash had occurred
the dust had cleared, and Timex Com-
puter Corp. had nailed their doors
shut for good, one sould only look
back to what was being developed on
the engineers drawing board, because
what we actually had in our hands,
was very little,

Almost simultaneously with the
release of the 2068 came an accom~
panying data cassette recorder, the
2020, and a “command" joystick, the
2090. The 2020 is a very compact
cassette recorder/player unit and
is styled in the same silver color
as the 2068, and looks suspicously
like a certain Radio Shack model.
It's record of reliability is quite
good. It loads and saves programs
on all of the TS computers without
missing a lick, including on the
finicky 1000. The 2090 Command Stick
was manufactured by the producers
ef the Zircon joystick, Outside of
slight modification to the control
handle and the vinyl TS sticker, it
is primarily the same controller.
The 2090 is a hand-held type joystick

48 opposed to a table top model, and
operates quite smoothly, although
the operators hands may tire with
prolonged useage,

Soon Timex was running a modest
advertising campaign, extolling the
benefits of telecomunication and
heralding the long awaited arrival
of their 2050 Modem. The modem was
designed by Timex and manufactured
by Nestridge Communications, a div-
ision of Anchor Automation in Calif-
ornia. Not until recently, did the
modem ever see the light of day, and
it never did with the Timex name
stamped on the front, Orders were
taken, but the initial 8,000 units
never budged from their Connecticut
Warehouse. When Timex folded, every
unit was shipped back to the manu-
facturer, The TS 2050 Modem was built
into a small silver plastic case with
a black plastic front panel. Timex
intended to include a software pack-
age on a quick-load cartridge, It
was to be called the "Smart Terminal
One", and featured auto-dial, and
auto-answer., Other software was in
the works also. The 2050 was a direct
connect modem (as opposed to an ac-
gustic design} and worked at a baud
rate of 300.

The old TS 2040 32 column ther-
mal printer with it's 4,33 inch wide
paper, took over printing duties upon
introduction of the 2068. Not only
did it work well with the 1000 and
1500, but was totally compatible with
the new computer also. The 2040 was
introduced in the U.S. some time ago,
instead of the English ZX printer
for a variety of reasons including
the high radio-frequency interference
that the ZX was alluded to emit. The
Timex printer was made by Aiphaconm,

a California electronics firm.

The creators of the 2068 quickly
recognized the eventual needs of it's
users, and decided ta bring out a
full size 80 column dot matrix print-

9

2080
2065
2050
2060
2020
2068

80 Column Printer
Micro-Drive Storage Unit
Telecommunications Modem
System Expansion Unit
Cassette Program Recorder
Personal Color Computer

ex. What with the advanced capabil-
ities of the new computer, and the
planned werd processing software,

the enlarged printer was a must. How-
ever, not one TS 2080 printer (app-
ropriately named) came eff the as-
sembly line. A deal was struck with

a Japanese company to produce the
printer and some hand-assembled pro- -
totypes were shown, but the final go-
ahead for full production never cane,
The TS 2089 wes to be a letter qual-
ity printer with 100 cps, and featur-
ing both tractor feed and single shest
roller. It also required s Centronics
parallel interface which would have
been available in the proposed TS
2060 System Expansion Unit. The ex-
pansion unit would have been simui-
taneouly released with the 2086 print-
er. The Timex printer would have been
a low cost alternative for a veristy
ef other computer systems as well as
the 2068, It would have more than
adequately handled text and graphic
duties.

Perhaps one of the most signif-
ieant and entisipsted periphersl thet
Timex had plans for was the TS 2065
Micre-drive mass storage unit. Using
Sinclaiz Research's wafer tape tech-
nology, the micro-drive would have
been a yast improvement over standard
eaggette storage. It would have stor-
ed up te J00k and an average load
time of four to ten seconds! Along
with their smell compact size and a
projected retail price of $100, the
micro-drive certainly would have been
a hot item. Up to eight individual
micro-~drives could be chained together,
The 206$ Micro-drives also required
the TS 2060 System Expansion Unit,
which contained the controller card.
The expansion unit aiso would have
included a CP/M card, a RGB monitor
output, and the Centronics interface.
Qne can only imagine such a system
combined with a 2068 computer, several
micro-drives, and the expansion unit!

Further plans on the drawing
board included CP/M cartridge soft-
ware, and the immensiy popular LOGO
software on cartridge, specially de-

signed by Digital Research. Some other
languages on the cartridge format

were considered as well, such as Forth
and Pascal,

An inexpensive, but fairly high
quality celor menitor was alse in
the works. It would have been an in-
ported model, with some features de-
Signed specifically by Timex.

The word processing software,
touted so highly in the 2068 liter-
ature, never came to light. It would
have been on a cartridge, and would
have operated in cenjunction with
the 86 colum printer. The program
itself was based on a processor writ-
ten for the Sinclair Spectrum, and
translated for the TS 2068.

Finally, some thought was given
towards the production of a disk drive
device using a special floppy disk
measuring under four inches in dia~-
meter, Such mini-disk designs are ex-
pected to be used more widely in the
future, and are siready being manu-
factured by several other computer
firms.

Regardless of the multitude of
ideas and engineering designs that
never came about et Timex, we still
ended up receiving perhaps the most
important part of the deal...the
cornerstone cr brain of the whole
system, the 2068 personal color com-

puter. ®

(continued from page 8)

dusty cleset shelf. Let this be a
ghostly reminder to these corporate
decision makers who pulled the plug.
The hard-core TS 1600 users stiil
very fondly type in their machine
codes and modify or “hot-rod" thea.
TS 15600 owners proudly continue
to program their little computers.
TS 2068 owners are still very much
enthused about their sophisticated
machines, knowing that they have
one of the best that money can buy.
Though the company has died, their
computers live on. No one has stop-
ped because of the Timex decision.
There may even be a stronger banding
together of the users new that the
storm has passed.

(©) ii

THE TS 2068

SOFTWARE DIRECTORY

This is your TS 20668 Software Directory for the rest
of 1984, It features many interesting titles from an
assortment of dedicated companies, Titles range in
subject from educational to business, and even enter-
tainment. The Software Directory was made as complete
as possible at the time of printing to our knowledge.
However, on pagei§ are a few more Companies listed
that offer severai new titles. These companies have
just recently announced their new products, and this
information was net available to us at the time of
printing, Before any purchase is considered, the ap-
propriate company should be contacted to obtain in-
formation on shipping and postage, and the most cure
rent price. Great care was made to supply the correct
address and current price, but pricing has been known
to change. Seftware prices are in parenthesis. It
should be pointed out that the world of TS computers
is constantly changing. Software availsebility for the
TS 2068 is looking up. A substantial amount may soon
be arriving from England, We will in the future offer
an updated Directory. As for now, do investigate what
is being offered. The software companies listed will be
more than happy to accomadate you.

Cp

Gesso Saftware
c/o Bob Orrfelt
3436 Bay Read

Redwood City,

i.
2

CA,
94063

WP32 32 col word processor (24.88)
(29.88)

WP64 64 col word processer

Heath Computer Services
850 Bast-S2 South

Green town,

8,
Q.

10,
dl.

Quicksilva,

In.
46936

Saies File up to 606 entries
14.95

Checking 2068 100 deposits/up to
356 checks (9.95)

Inventory 2068 up to 600 entries
Financial Record Keeper Plus 2668
hone finance patkage (19.95
Inveice Control 2068 up to 100

Invoices (14.95)

Cash Register turns computer into
@ cash register (9.95)

Mailing List 2068 up to 300
addresses (5.95)

Appointment Calendar save all
appointment on tape (9.95)

Multiplication Tables educational
7355

Math Quiz ed. cational (9.95)
Tash Spelling educational (9.95)

Inc.

426 West Nakoma

San Antonis,

i.
2

3.
4

8.

Texas
78216

Bugaboo arcade-type game {24,95}

Time gate arcade-type space game
Cee, 85

Cybird Assault arcade-type game
19.95)

The Chess player chess game with

yoice (24,98)

Smuggler's Cove adventure gane
with graphics (24.95)

Xadom 3-D maze game (24.95)

6.
7. 3-D Strate 3-D tic-tac-toe
(24.85

8. Mined-Out arcade-type game (19.95)

Ramex

48945 Vandyke Read

Utica, MZ.

48087

1. Tasmath educational (19.95)

2. Save Mr. Bill educational like
Rangman (5.85)

3. Kool-Aid educational (9.95)

4. Fraction Fun educational (9.95)

5. Polynomials educational (9.95)

6. Fraction Zap educational (9.95)

7. Word Arcade educational (9.95)

8. Biorythms (9.95)

9, Personality Profile (9.95)

10. Mr. Clock educational (9.95)

lil. Achievement Profile educational/
math testing (19.95)

12. Compass compiier-assembler
C2535

13. Digital Circuit Designer
@lectrical engineering (24.98)

14. A.C. Network Analyser
electrical engineering (24.95)

iS. Up-Load 2000 converts ZX81 into
2668 language (28.95)

16, Battleship game (14.95)

1?. Yahtzee game (19.95)

i8. Pentemincees game (19.95)

19. Star Ship arcade-type space game
9,95

20. Sub Attack arcade-type game
(3.95

22. Sub Hunt arcade-type game (9.95)

22. Brain Strain game, like card game
concentration (9.395)
Richard Shepard Adventure Games

23. Super Spy (24,95

24. Transylvanian Tower (24.95)

25. Ship of the Line (24.95)

26. Everest Ascent (24.95)

18

27, Little Black Book address lists
12.95
28. Appointment Planner 2068
calander program (12.95)
29. Billmaster 2068 financial
timtable (12.95)
30. Purchase Ledger business (24,98)
31, Sales Ledger business (24,95)
32. Business Bank Account business
(24.95). ©
33, CPA includes all three programs
‘gbove (59.95)
34. S.C.A.M. 5S accounting programs
69.95)
45. Tasword Two 64 col word

processor (49,95)

36. Tasprint expands your printer
(24 S85
7. Tas wide expands BASIC to

output in 64 col (19.95}

Sharp's

127 Nine Mile Rd.

Sandston, Va.
23150

1. War in the East strategic war
game 19,95

2. Fall of the Third Reich
strategic war game (19.958)

3. Ardennes strategic war game

19,9

4, LDBISAM decimal disassembler
714.95)

5. BAS LOAD converts 75 1000
basic to 2068 (14,95)

&. Word-Most word processor (19.95)

Softsyne, Inc.
4 East 34 st.
New York, N.Y.

10016

1. Personal Accountant finance
program (24.55)

2." Syberzone arcade-type space
game, voice control (19.95)

3. Gulpman arcade-type maze gane
18.85}
4. Voice Chess chess game with

VoTce (24.55)
S. Zeus Assembler machine code
assembler (19.95)

6. Moonsweeper arcade-type space
game (19.95)

7. Dragonfire arcade-type game
(19.95

Sourceware, Inc.

P.O. Box 1579

Vernal, Utah
a4o78

i. The Great Graphic Show Package
ive entertaining programs

(26.95)

2. Doctor Psycho entertainment
test (16.3

3. Play The Siot Machine Vegas

style entertainment (9.98)
4 Ovaw Poker card type game
TIE SE
S. Bank Raid arcade-type maze

game (3,95)

&. The Game of Nim entertainment

game program (9.95)

7. .Speller Bee educational (14.95)

a. the Board Show educational
quiz (14.55)

9. Tic Tac Toad educational game

4,

10. Words to Know and Understand
educational 14.3

1]. Physical Fitness Analysis
health program (9.95

12. U.S.A educational (10.95)

23. Sincbasic 2000 teaches Sinclair

BASIC (34.955

14. Text Writer 2000 word processoz
1

15. Home Finance Manager 2006
fone record Keeper (18-95)

16. Accounts Receivable up to 100
charge accounts (15.953

17. Payroll business progran

18.9

18. Payoff 2000 finance managment
tig. $8)

J9. Assembler and Integer Basic
Compiler 26.98)

20. User Graph user defined
graphics aide (12.95}

Thomas B. Woods

P.G. Box 64
Jefferson, NH
O3583

1. Pro/file 2068 file manager,
data base (28,95)

other suppliers

—, Arthur Brown Company
Department EBS
3404 Pawnee Drive
Alexandria, MN

56308

Games To Learn By

PLO. Box 78

Collinsville, CT
06022

Pheonix Enterprises
1780 N. Dupont Hwy. No.
Dover, DE

19901

Banta Softwa e

8088 Highwood Way

Orangevale, CA
95662

Foote Software

P.O. Box 14658

Gainesville, FL
32604

Knighted Computers
707 Highland St.
Fulton, N.Y.

13069

Hawg Wild Software

P.O, Box 7668

Little Rock, AR
72217

17

PROJECT

A PORTABLE
TS COMPUTER?

Portable computer models have
been around for sone time now. They
are quite popular in the business
field and especially where travel is
a definite factor. Features range
from built in disk drives, video
moniter displays, telecommunications,
small thermal printers, and some
models even boast built-in software
packages, They usually fold up ints
a fairly lightweight carry around
unit with a handle. The TRS-80 Model
100 from Radio Shack is perhaps the
most populer portable on the market
today. Portables range in price from
about $600 to well over $2,000,

TS computer owners have always
considered their exceptionally smal!
micros to be portable, to some degree.
While perhaps lacking in slick pack-
aging, the power and flexibility is
all there. The special mathmatic
functions would be especially useful
in business, engineering, and edu-
cational applications.

Often our computers and hardware
are carted here and there in any
handy container including cardboard
boxes. We take them to our offices
to the classroom, to a friends home
and even to the computer club meeting.
With AC adaptors for both computer
and cassette recorder, and all the
accompanying patchcords, we have on
our hands a real “wire and gadget"
nightmare,

There is a solution. It's not
anew idea, but it is a good one,

It involves packaging your computer
set up inte one standard size attache
case.

You can find a good used attache
case reasonably priced at a second
hand sore, as opposed to buying a
new one for around $100. A used one
usually goes for $10 to $20. Gr you
could purchase a new cheaper hard

15

plastic model for around $15, Next
you will need to get a piece of foam
rubber for the inside, to hold the
contents in during transport. The
foam should be as thick as the bottom
section of the case, You can find
all types of foam rubber at a hobby
or craft store. Once you have de-
cided what will be included in your
portable set up, you can cut the
appropriate holes in the foam, using
your equipment as the pattern, so
each item will ride snuggly inside.
Cut the holes with a sharp utility
or carpet type knife.

A nice thing about rigging up
a portable set up, is that it just
might give a new use to that spare
TS 1000 or ZX8l that has been laying
around since you bought that new
2068. The TS 1500 is alsa a good
choice, since the 16k RAN is built
right inside. When using the 1000 or
ieee yewvill have to cut out some
6 the, foan for the RAM pack, Gf course

4 eww /d house the 2068 in an at-

ede ase also. There probably
wedidn't be much room for any extras
Liough.

An ideal set up would have to
include a storage device. Most prac-
tical choice would be a cassette re-
corder, but there are alse the very»
snall stringy/floppy drive units
which would load much faster. A disk
drive would be too large, The small-
est cassette recorder you have, would
be the best, The TS 2020 Cassette
Unit is an excellent choice, or any
Similar model,

There is also reom in the case
for storage of a generous supply of
software. You could find a small,
low profile cardboard box that the
Cassette tapes could fit securely in,
then cut a hole in the foam rubber
for the box,

Some TS users even make room for
their 2040 printer, or the smaller
ZX printer. It is also concievable
that someone could inclue a moden
device of sorts to include tele-
communications as part of his portable

Some TS users even could make
room for their 2040 printer, or the
smaller 2X printer. It is also con-
cievyable that someone could include
a modem device in order to add
telecommunications as a feature of
the portable set up. Whatever meets
the needs of the individual user
could be included.

One device that may be over-
looked is the AC powerx strip. This
greatly simplifies hook up proced-
ures. A smaller power strip with say
four outiets would be the best choice
All of the power lines and connect-
ing wires could then be run under-
neath the foam and out of sight,
making a much neater appearing system
Only one electrical connection needs
to be made when arriving at the work
station, and that is the one from
the power strip to the wall.

Nost manufactured portable com-
puters come complete with some sort
of video terminal or LCD display,
as we mentioned earlier. In our TS
portable system, because of limits
in size and practicality, we will
not include a video monitor. Instead
we will have to rely on what is
available to us at the location
where we are traveling to. Almost
anywhere you can find a TV set. At
school, in homes, even at the Motel.
You could even arrange to Store one
of the inexpensive black and white
models at the office.

To simplify TV hook up, you
can make a little device from a stan-
dard TV/computer switch box. Simply
cut the serew lug terminals off the
end of the short piece of antenna
wire that protrudes from one end of
the switch box. Strip back some bare
wire and crimp or solder on a small
alligator clip in place of each screw
lug. Now anytime you want to hook
into a TY set, you simply clip the
leads onto the VHF screw terminals
and presto! Nuch faster than a screw-
driver,

switch box with alligator clips
for rapid computer hook up to
a television monitor

So now we have a genuine TS
portable computer package, complete
with it's own carrying case. It has
a memory storage device, software,
and optional printer or modem, Not
only that, but it is ready to go to
work in a matter of seconds. Some
popular software packages to consider
to bring along would be a data base
like the ZX Pro/File, or a financial
spreadsheet like Vu-Cale, and maybe
a word processor, Don't forget some
entertainment like the all time
classic Mazogs (the best computer
game ever). Enjoy your TS portable
system, and remember, "have computer,
will travel",

@

AnN@ZrwDRDODWV

|

18

aT 5.8. “BLU
TO BEGIN. PRE:
THEN PRESS E

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168 DRA
L2@ BRA
1aé ORAL
13@ SRL!
148 CRAW
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168 GRA
178 DRAW
186 ORAL!
186 DRA

»5,-8. BEEx

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NT INK S;AT 2,40. °30 Tuy

ME*

PAE Cony
Sp Sa Cea 3 ep

BLUES MASTER

For The 2068

A dash of that good ol rythmn and
blues from the old Blues Master
himself. Complete with musical
graphics, this one could run
indefinetiy....that is if you
could stand it.

3D TUNNEL

Ber The 20668

Reflections of the old TV series
"Time Tunnel". See what effects

you could create by changing INK
colors.

tore on page 22

a ERPS

a ercrerce ts :
COMPUTER BASICS

LANGUAGES

NOTE:This is the first article in
a series called "Computer Basics".
It is a sincere effort to unravel
the myseries that a first time
user may be facing in the world of
personal computing. Along with a
detailed discussion on BASIC, we
will also touch on some other sub-
jects that may be of interest. We
start out this feature with a look
at computer programming languages.

In many fields of learning and
occupations, unique and customized
languages have evolved, due to the
need for efficiency and standard-
jzation, Take the medical field
far instance. When a doctor writes
out a prescription, to you it looks
like no more than sloppy scribbling
but to the pharmicist, it is a clear
order written in a special lang-
uage. Once such a language is mas-
tered, it becomes almost second
nature in proper execution. Such is
true in computer programming. There
ig a particular language, Bnd once
learned, it is off to some smooth
sailing. Actually with computers,
there are several different lang-
uages as we will soon see. You can
learn many of them, or just one

Learning a programming language
could possibly open new doors for
you and your computer. Let's face
it, there is a lot more to using
your computer than just running
software. Programming allows you
to communicate and execute important
commands, simply exploring the un-
limited possibilities available to
you the user. But as in all lang-
uages, there are some rules to
follow.

All Timex and Sinclair com:
puters have a built in language
ealled BASIC. It is a version based
on the original, which was developed
in the 60's, BASIC is short for
"Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic
Code", and just as the name implies,
it was intended to be used by be-
ginners. Most of the commands in

the BASIC language correspond or
sound similar to simple English
words. For example: print, go to
then, and next. While simple pro-
gramming is BASIC's big plus, the
slow speed that it executes a com-
mand can become somewhat of a chore
Although theoretically, someone
could begin to write some sophist-
icated ‘prograng in BASIC, in just
a matter of a few weeks.

Machine language is the con-
puters native language, and is what
it understands the best. The con-
mands are composed of combinations
of O's and i's (binary digits).
Since the computer does not have io
make any sort of internal trans-
dation, 28 in BASIC and some of the
other languages, Machine executes
very fast. This language is usually
reserved for the more advanced pro-
grammer, in that it is quite diff-
icult to learn, and somewhat easy
to make mistakes with. To write a
program in Machine language, you
need to understand memory locations
since bits of information are store
ed in different locations, and then
manipulated by the computer. The
process is often time consuming
and quite tedious. The benefits in
speed of execution and memory space
economy, far outweigh the hard
work of programming in Machine,
There are many fine books out there
on the subject of Machine language
that a beginner could investigate.

There is another language that
is some what similar to Machine,
but is a bit more user friendly.

It 4s called Assembly language. In
Assembly, the Ots and I's have been
replaced with words and abbrevi-
ations. Therefore, commands and
memory manipulation are somewhat
Simplified, without much sacrifice
in speed of execution.

19

It might be interesting to
mention at this point, that lang-
uages such as Machine and Assembly
are what we call low level lang-
uages, since they communicate with
the computer in it's own working
language. BASIC and some of the
other languages that are similar to
it, are called high level, because
of the extensive translation process
that has to take place.

One particular high level lang-
uage that has been made quite pop-
ular is Logo. It was designed at
M.IT. as an educationa. tool for
children te become accustomed to
simple computer commands. It is
based on graphic capabilities that
nove a "turtle" cursor around the
screen in a specified amount of
spaces or degrees. A suitable Loge
program has never been available
for a TS computer, but there is one
for the Sinclair Spectrum, Lego
may become available fox the TS
2068 in the near future. Part of the
problem is due to the copyright and
licensing. Interest in Loge is quite
nigh, especially for educational
purposes.

In closing, it should be point~
ed out that there are also some
other fine languages that have some
interesting features. They are Forth,
Fortran, and Pascal. They are struc-
tured languages, modular, and follow
definite rules and guidelines for
programming. Some of these languages
have been made available in a soft-
ware format for TS computer owners.

NEXT ISSUE:"MEMORY AND THE MICRO-
PROCESSOR"

\) cos

nee
Trobe Tunic

(ith th. TA 2068

pant oma

NOTE:The Pro Shop is a regular fea-

to provide advanced concepts to the
seasoned TS computer programméer. As

we continue on through the different
issues of our magazine, we will touch
on a variety of topics ineluding com-
prehensive machine programming. We
begin this issue with the first part
of a two-part article on VMaking

Music With The TS 2068". The first
part deals with making music with
external equipment like synthesizers
via an inexpensive digital-to-analog
converter, The final part of the
article will be contained in the next
issue of Time Designs Magazine and will
coverthe programmable sound chip and
it's registers, and how to structure
VOUT MUST CPTORTANS: We ae el

Digital computers like the TS
2068 deal with two voltages. These
are Ov and +5y, or rather something
is true (+5) or something is false
(0), we could also call this switched
on or off. A popular process today,
is to control external equipment with
analogous properties and multiple con-
trol voltages, with digital computers

In music, controlling electronic
instruments with computers is rapidly
growing into a bold new frontier
Instruments like music synthesizers,
some home organs, and the newer con-
pact Casio-type potable keyboards,
can be manipulated by digital com-
puters to some degree, They can send
information along data and address
busses to define tone pitches, tonal
colors, and envelope shaping. The
possibilities are endless. Entive
songs or note sequences can be stored
in memory, and recalled instantly.

As we mentioned before, computer
operate in only two voltages. Ye pose
a problem here, because most modern
electronic keyboard instruments like
synthesizers are V ge controlled,,

Ah ac nt eee: Renae

ot oui
:

This means that say a one-volt con-
trol signal is sent to the synthe-
Sizer's tone oscillator. This would
register ae low C note, As the volt-
agé is increased, the steps and half-
pitch steps rise, while a control
voltage of two volts would preduce a
G one octave above and so on. Other
portions of electronic instruments
are aiso voltage controlled like the
tone shaping-filter's cut off fre-
quency, the voltage controlled amp-
lifier, and the envelope generators.
A solution to interfacing the
digital computer ta an analog music
synthesizer, is a DAC (digital-to-
analog converter). Most DAC’s have
two sides. Sn one side you feed in
the binary numbers, and from the other
side you can extract an analog volt-
age, which corresponds in some man-
ner to the binary number. There is
one DAG that you could build from «
kit, and it won't deplete your cash
flow either. For $24.95 (plus $2.00
for shipping) you could put together
the 8785 Linear Digital-To-Analog
Converter from PAIA Electronics (10
206 W. Wilshire Blvd., Oklahoma City,
OK, 73116). The DAC kit comes with
a PC board, all the necessary elec-
tronics, decumentation on what to

‘do with it after you build it, and

a brief set of instructions. It is

hot a kit for the first time kit
builder. You need to be pretty handy
with a soldering iron before you start
out, After the BAC has been cone
structed, you will need to obtain the
necessary cables and connectors (not

id gupplied) te interface the BAC to

he rear edge of your 2068's PC board.
fadstone Electronics (90 Furhmann
Bivd., Buffalo, N.¥., 14203} carries

a complete line of cables and connhect-

ors that are compatible.
There are eight possible data
lines used in the 8785 to convey con-

trol voltage information. This es-
sentially provides only the output

for a monophonic synthesizer, or one
that produces one tone at a time. To
provide adequate voltage outputs for
a polyphonic synthesizer, you may need
to consider a TTL chip called a “one-
of-16-decoder" which allows for con-
nection of up to 16 seperate 8785's.
PAIA also markets a QuASH (quad address
able sample-snd-hold}] kit, which
dvives four seperate monophonic lines
from one DAC.

A complete understanding of the
2068 NPU atid memory mapping is es-
sential in developing adequate soft-
ware needed to drive a computer con-
trolled electrenic music system. To
send data to the DAC requires storing
a byte te that address. More music-
slly satisfying results require more
sophisticated programs. You could
simply POKE the values and numbers
that correspond te voltages in BASIC,
but in order to fully utilize the
synthesizer's potential, it calls for
machine code routines.

If you would like to further
explore this area of interfacing a
digital computer te electronic music
instruments, there are two books that
are quite interesting and informative
on the subject.
i."Controlling Exponential Systems"

by Jahn Simonton
Polyphony
Box 20395
Cklahoma City, OK
73156
2."Musical Applications of MPUts"
by Hel Chamberlin
Hayden Book Co.
Rochelle Park, New Jersey

In conclusion, you would almost
have to hear a system of a computer
driven synthesizer to appreciate the
flexability that the user has in pro-
ducing sengs and special sound effects

21

Inexpensive monophonic synthesizers

can be purchased for around $500 from
most large music stores.
some excellent results with

They will

DON'T BE LEFT OUT

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wad.

BOK

mo

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\
ere

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We will pay $20 for any program
listing that we decide to publish
in our magazine. We need original
computer programs for both the TS
1000/ZX81 and the 2068. Programs
ean be of any subject matter or
type, including business, educat-
ional, entertainment and utility.
Program listings should be sent
to us either printed by the TS
2040 or some other similar comp-
uter printer. Cassette tapes are
also acceptable and preferred.
We will not normally return the
unused programs unless specific-
ally requested by the author, and
includes a correct return address.
The editor of Time Designs Mag-
azine will decide which programs
will be accepted and published.
We only will use programs that
are original and are not copies
or translations of copyrighted
material. We will contact the
authors of chosen programs by
mail. Send eligible programs to:
T.D.M, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton,
Or., 97017

SONI eee een

WANTED: ARTICLES OF INTEREST TO
TS CC’ “TER OWNERS. We will pay
$20 fo: any written article that
we decide to publish in our mag-
azine. Any potential author should
submit their typed draft to the
editor of Time Designs Magazine.
We will not return unused texts
unless requested by the author,
and a correct return address has
been included. Authors will be
contacted by mail if their article
has been accepted. Articles should
be typed or hand-written in a
clear nanner. The editor of this
magazine reserves the right to
edit any article that is chosen.

23

A FULL FEATURE

MAGAZINE FOR 22
THE TS 2068 ano OTHER

TIMEX AND SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
TRAC
DeSighAs

MAGAZINE
INFORMATIVE FEATURE ARTICLES

LI NOL sue
war Att

7B ‘
Designs

THE LATEST NEWS AND HAPPENINGS
TH! COMPUTER THAT Was. ir)
JUST toe pond ne dar i

WWSIOT NEMS AMD VICWS, WORKSHOPS AND drserant

EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE REVIEWS

1
2
3
4 WORKSHOPS FOR BEGINNERS AND PROS
> PROGRAMMING TIPS

6 PROGRAM LISTINGS

7

PROJECTS, AND NUCH NORE!!!

INTRODUCTORY ISSUE STILL AVAILABLI
VOL, 1 NO.2 JAN, -FEB. 1985 AVAILABLE DEC,18!! 1] (VOL.1 NO.2 NOV.-DEC, 1984.....4,,

while supplies last) $3,00 ppd,

SUBSCRIBE TODAY

ONLY $15 FOR A FULL YEAR!!! (six bi-monthly issues)

Check selection(s) below and mail this coupon along with a personal
* check or money order for the proper amount to: Time Designs Magazine,
29722 Hult Ra., Colton, OR, 97017.

Oo Send me the Introductory Issue of Time Designs Magazine (Vol.1
No.1, Nov.-Dec. 1984) for $3.00.

Enter my subscription to Time Designs Magazine for one year (6
bi-monthly issues) for only $15.00. Subscriptions will begin
with the next current issue.

Total amount enclosed:

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